Monday, March 9, 2015

The Blanchard Restoration

The Center for Wooden Boats in Seattle restored a Blanchard Junior Knockabout last year. The following are a series of videos documenting the restoration. I'm posting the videos as it may provide some insight to the restoration process for those who have not seen it before.


The Haulout

The Haulout is the first step to any boat restoration. It is at this point that the boat is removed from the water and the boatwright gets his first look at what work will need to be done.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qt6u1bl-mRE

The Survey

The Survey is the first time that the boatwright gets hands on the boat out of the water and can check out the areas where he thinks problems might lie. After the survey is performed he can plan the restoration and get a timeline on the work he will need to do.

In this video CWB Blanchard Junior Knockabout (BJK) “The Lucky Seven” is being surveyed by CWB Boatwright Joe Green in our North Lake Union (NLU) Boatshop. The BJKs in CWB’s fleet have come from many different owners and their past maintenance history is not always known until their first haulout by CWB Boatwrights. Each BJK has different restoration needs based on their own unique history; the survey is where these specific needs are identified and a restoration plan is created.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1IiMJdprB4

Replacing the Transom

Now that the survey of “The Lucky Seven” is complete the restoration can begin. The first section of the boat that needs to be worked on is the transom, which as you saw in the survey video needs to be completely replaced. The transom is the surface that forms the stern of the boat and where the name of the boat placed.

In this video CWB Boatwright Joe Green works through the stages of replacing “The Lucky Seven’s” transom at CWB’s North Lake Union Boatshop.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-PgoPgBQI0

Framing

For the next stage of the restoration Joe Green moves inside the boat to replace six of “The Lucky Seven’s” sistered frames. The frames of a boat are what creates the shape or skeleton of the boat, which the planks are then shaped around to create the hull of the boat. Ever wondered how boatwrights get a straight piece of wood to curve around a boat? In this video you will see how steam bending is used to make the frames pliable enough to shape to the boat.

Watch CWB Boatwright Joe Green and his boatshop volunteers in action as they steam bend frames for “The Lucky Seven.”





Planking

Now what everyone has been waiting for!!

During the next stage of the restoration Joe Green returns to the exterior of the boat to replace a plank on “The Lucky Seven.”

The planks of the boat are what forms the hull around the boat’s frames, giving the boat its beautiful shape. Replacing a plank is very precise work since the boatwright has to make sure that the new plank will fit in exactly where the old plank was removed. You will see in this video the many stages that the new piece of wood goes through on its way to becoming a new plank. The steam box will be back in action again in order to make the plank pliable enough to shape to the boat.







What is an advanced composite?

Our design workshop was fortunate to have Dan Newland, President of Pegasus Aeromarine, Inc., to give us a presentation on "Advanced Composite Material, Design and Repair". Dan is extremely knowledgeable and an innovator in this field. I actually walked out of the presentation thinking that I now understand this stuff! For someone that is focused on the traditional building methods of boats it doesn't take much to see that this is not future...it's already here.

So what is an advanced composite? It can be a fabric, fiber, resin, core or process. The first three are somewhat self-explanatory (not really). Processes can be one of the following:

  • Open mold (hand layup)
  • Vacuum bagging
  • Autoclaving
  • Infusion (aka SCRIMP)
  • Prepegs


Sailboat racing champ Dan Newland to talk at squadron meeting

Posted: Wednesday, March 12, 2008 12:00 am


Boat racing champion Dan Newland talks about designing and building his ultra-light racing sailboat Pegasus XIV. Newland won the Singlehanded Transpac in 1992 aboard Pegasus XIV. Since then, he and wife Linda, a racing champion in her own right, have had many divisional and overall wins, including the 2006 San Francisco Offshore Ocean Racing Series, in which they won every race they entered.

At only 6,000 pounds, the ultra-light, ultra-high-tech 37-foot Pegasus is the lightest boat of her size, with an interior that is intended to do long distance and overnight races with a full crew.

The Newlands put about 23,000 miles on Pegasus during their first seven years of sailing her, including two round trips to Hawaii, two to Mexico, and several to California destinations, including Monterrey, Santa Cruz and San Francisco.

The boat is made of carbon fiber, Kevlar and "S" glass. She has sustained 19.9 knots in flat water and somewhere around 30 knots or so while surfing. In her ideal conditions - 20 to 40 knots downwind with the spinnaker up - Pegasus is almost unbeatable. She is also very fast upwind in a breeze going boat for boat with other boats much heavier and more stable. Pegasus has carried the big spinnakers in more than 40 knots true wind speed. Dan has often released the helm while doing 17 to 18 knots to demonstrate how easy Pegasus is to handle and how well she tracks straight and true on her own.

Dan, the president of Pegasus Aeromarine Inc., has over 38 years of experience building composite parts. This includes designing and building sail fabrics and carbon/epoxy parts for America’s Cup yachts, advanced rudders, satellite vents and 3 ton bomb canisters. He has built composite parts in carbon fiber, fiberglass, aramid and other high strength and high modulus fibers from the age of 12. These have frequently used advanced resin systems such as toughened epoxies, vinylesters and of course all the other more common resins such as isopthalic and ortho resins. Additionally, he has used all of the major core types such as foams, balsa and a variety of honeycombs.

For most of Dan's life, he has been building in composites. Quite simply it is what he loves to do. He built his first boat at age 11 then started building surfboards at 12. Dan then continued to build boats and parts in all types of materials and processes. These have included projects like 6000 lb. bomb canisters for underwater submarine research, carbon fiber hot tub covers and vents for satellites. Dan has a great deal of experience designing and building rudders for a tremendous variety of boats. Many of these rudders have been emergency rudders, or sometimes they have replaced a broken primary rudder, but most often it was to improve handling and reduce weight or improve the lift/drag ratio of a race boat.

Fisheries Patrol Vessel

For my design class I need to complete a review of a particular boat design. In researching boats that I might find interesting I came across Tad Roberts. The following is from his blog. As you probably already know (if you have been paying attention), I am in love with any boat that was built for the Forest Service or Fisheries Patrol.

Here is a design for a new build from Tad Roberts: http://www.tadroberts.ca/services/new-design/power/nwcruiser5602.

FALCON ROCK, FISHERIES PATROL VESSEL
Published SATURDAY, JUNE 8TH, 2013



The Falcon Rock was built for the Minister of Fisheries in 1960 at the McKay-Cormack Ltd yard in Victoria. She served the Department for 37 years, much or all of it out of Prince Rupert. I believe she had 2 or 3 sisters, all built in BC yards around the same time.

The design was done by William M. Reid. Mr. Reid had a distinctive style, the squared off pilothouse was, at the time quite modern I suppose. And the four windows across the front unusual. These Rock class boats are interesting in that they are designed as patrol vessels, they have more than the usual power but shallow and rounded underwater sections. I can imagine them rolling a lot. The stern is a bit narrow and very round, both in plan and profile, someone was thinking about running off in a big sea, perhaps in the Hecate Straits. These boats have more flair in the bow than almost any fishboat on this coast, but overall I think they are very good looking.

William Reid was a draftsman for Sterling Shipyard and BC Packers in the 1940′ and 50’s. In 1959 he opened his own office specializing in Fish boats, Tugs, and Patrol craft. I’ve never come across a yacht design by him. Reportedly the Vancouver Maritime Museum has drawings for 140 designs by Reid. As he died in 1970 that’s a prodigious output if all those drawings were done in 11 years! (It could be they have 140 sheets for an unknown number of boats)

Registered dimensions for Falcon Rock are 47′ length (approx 50′ overall), beam 14′, depth 5.3′, gross tons 25.96, draft will be about 6′ at the stern. Power is an 8V-71 of 240 HP.





Saturday, March 7, 2015

Shipwright takes on Western Flyer Restoration

This article appeared in the Port Townsend Leader on Wednesday, March 4, 2015. I am posting it because many people may not know the history of this very colorful vessel.


The Western Flyer, made famous by John Steinbeck's "Log of the Sea of Cortez," (1951) is to be restored in Port Townsend. The wooden boat was built in 1937 in Tacoma. The boat's new owner expects to spend about $2 million to restore it into a "science boat" to be used primarily for marine biology educational purposes. Photo by Robin Dudley
By Patrick J. Sullivan and Robin Dudley of the Leader
Mark Stout of Scow Bay Boats said he is "rather thrilled" with the prospect of restoring the Western Flyer, which is not just any old wooden boat.
He started work last week overseeing what he estimates would be at least a year-long restoration of the boat that famous American author John Steinbeck chartered in 1940 for an expedition to Mexico's Sea of Cortez.
"The Steinbeck thing is groovy and all that, but I'm really into it because it was built in Tacoma ... there's not many of that style left," Stout said of the 76-foot purse seiner built in 1937.
Stout seems unmoved by the boat's fame. "It's just more of what we do. Yes, it's a big project, but this is just what we do here in this boatyard."
Stout is a 1982 graduate of the Northwest School of Wooden Boatbuilding who spent 20 years in Homer, Alaska. "I fix boats for a living," he said. He moved back here about three years ago, and in September 2014, bought a large shop at the Port of Port Townsend Boatyard, formerly the home of Day Boat Works. (Stout also has a Friday-morning radio show from 8 to 10 a.m. on KPTZ FM 91.9, called the Oakum Shed.)
Stout is performing "a thorough survey" of the Western Flyer. "There are a lot of old systems" which "need to be taken apart in a careful way."
The first stage was "shoveling mud" and cleaning out the interior to make it safe for Marine Vacuum Services, a Seattle company, to pump out the bilges, which happened Feb. 26-27.
As the famous boat's many visitors can attest, "it's covered in barnacles and slime," Stout said. "A lot of those planks are going to get replaced anyway," he said. "The pilothouse will need to be scraped."
Stout said he'll be "using local workers that we're all familiar with." The vessel will be moved to a new spot in the boatyard to allow more room. Like any other boat being worked on, the Western Flyer is off limits to visitors. "It'll be a little more formal as far as not having any access," he noted.
Don't ask to climb aboard, because the Western Flyer is off-limits to visitors while at the Port of Port Townsend Boatyard. Here is a look inside the cabin. Photo by Mark Stout
COLORFUL HISTORY
In 1940, the seiner was chartered in Monterey, California, by American literary giant John Steinbeck and his friend Ed “Doc” Ricketts for a six-week biological collecting expedition that was the subject of Steinbeck’s 1951 book, The Log from the Sea of Cortez. The boat figured in the nonfiction book and was described as lovingly as the critters the crew collected, from crabs, urchins and sponges to tunicates and bivalves.
As Steinbeck wrote in the book, boats have a unique ability to tug human heartstrings. “The sight of a boat riding in the water clenches a fist of emotion in [a man’s] chest,” Steinbeck wrote. “A horse, a beautiful dog, arouses sometimes a quick emotion, but of inanimate things only a boat can do it.”
As a piece of tangible history and a specific individual of the purse-seining species, the Western Flyer is irresistible to Steinbeck fans, marine biologists and environmentalists, as well as those interested in wooden boat history.
INSPIRATION
John Gregg, 54, of Moss Landing, California, counts himself among the many people whose love for marine biology was influenced by Steinbeck's writings.
Gregg spent his elementary school years in Puyallup, Washington, and lived many places with his family, since his father was a government employee. Gregg is the owner of several companies including Gregg Drilling & Testing and Gregg Marine, Inc., in the Monterey area. Gregg Marine is one of the world’s leading experts in marine drilling and geotechnical investigation. His companies own work boats.
"You think I'd know enough to know better," he chuckled about why he would buy a 78-year old wooden boat that spent about four months underwater and needs total restoration.
The Western Flyer was in Skagit County when purchased in 2010, for a reported amount of about $40,000, by Gerry Kehoe of Salinas, California. The boat sank in the Swinomish Channel near Anacortes, in October 2012, was raised after two weeks, then sank and was raised again in January 2013. It was hauled out at the Port of Port Townsend on July 5, 2013, coated with barnacles inside and out.
Kehoe eventually announced a plan to salvage pieces of the boat and set them up for display in California.
The nonprofit Western Flyer Boat Project were interested in purchasing the craft for restoration, but fundraising was a challenge. Gregg was aware of the situation, and decided to get involved.
"I've been following it for a long time. After saying 'No' a half dozen times, I finally got the previous owner to say, 'Maybe'. That started a dialogue, and it led to this,” Gregg said of the purchase.
The purchase price is about $1 million. Gregg expects to spend another $2 million for restoration.
Gregg owns Gravelles' Boat Yard, advertised as "The Monterey Bay's leading resource for marine supply and haul out services." It didn't take him long to decide the restoration would be done in Port Townsend.
"Once I saw the craftsmen there, I thought, 'Geez, that's the place for it,'" he said.
Gregg saw the boat in person, for the first time, about three weeks ago. "When I saw it I was actually happy," he said. "My biggest fear was that in the 1970s someone had added formica, but it is all original inside. The skeleton of it is good and sound. It will take a lot of work, but it's all repairable."
The Western Flyer's electrical and mechanical systems all need to be replaced. The new owner expects to add watertight holds to increase safety since he expects to have children on board for marine science education projects. Photo by Mark Stout
A SCIENCE BOAT
Gregg knows he cannot satisfy Steinbeck purists who would prefer the boat to be just like it was during the Sea of Cortez adventure. The original engine is missing, and there are only two of that type of 160-horsepower motors known to operate. The plan is to install a modern diesel-electric system.
It is being restored and retrofitted to be a marine science boat with children on board, so "it has to be as safe as it can be," Gregg said. Maritime architects and the U.S. Coast Guard will be involved with the plan to add water-tight holds below deck.
Since the purchase has been made public, he's had plenty of offers from people and entities that want to participate in the restoration and operation. "I don't want to lose control of the process because I want to make sure it stays true to my vision, which is a science boat with kids on board pulling plankton nets."
Gregg knew there would be interest in his plans for the boat, yet has been pleasantly surprised at the positive reaction. "I've had many requests to re-enact the voyage" to Mexico from biologists who were inspired by the author. "It's like a Who's Who of the marine biology world."
He does not intend the boat to be used for sunset cruises or whale watches. A realistic businessman, he also does not expect the boat to turn a profit.
"I never looked at this as any kind of money-making opportunity; it'll cost and cost and cost," Gregg said.
Stout appreciates Gregg's plans for the boat. The shipwright is re-reading "The Log of the Sea of Cortez" as there may be some hints he can use to rebuild parts, he said. Also, the Petrich family, which owns the Tacoma shipyard that built the vessel, still has the original plans which Stout intends to inspect.
Looking at the boat right now, Stout said, "the planking's got this nice shape to it ... you can see it's holding its shape. Planks aren't falling off, caulking isn't falling out," suggesting the fasteners are holding up. "For being out of the water almost two years, it's encouraging."
Yes, it's not just another old wooden boat. If it were, it probably would be declared a derelict vessel, and be scrapped.
"The boat arguably is worth nothing and yet it's priceless," Gregg said. "It's one of those things. It's like a piece of art. You don't really own it, you take care of it for awhile. You can't really own something like this."
Years of neglect and indifference can be overcome by the skill of the marine trades workforce in Port Townsend, with the goal of restoring the Western Flyer into a boat ready for sea adventures. Photo by Mark Stout



Wednesday, February 25, 2015

Traditional Small Craft Instructors

I have mentioned various things about the instructors in my previous posts; however, I think videos of them speaking about their experience at the school is far more valuable. I would be dishonest in saying that I have a favorite...I actually enjoy the uniqueness that each one offers. This may look and feel like a commercial for the school but the actuality is that it is real and I hope to be able to take away a little part of each instructor as I venture out on my own. It's without a doubt that we are lucky to have three of the best instructors in the country in one program.


Jeff Hammond, Senior Instructor
Jeff apprenticed to Bob Prothero, preeminent Northwest boat builder and founder of the Northwest School of Wooden Boatbuilding and began teaching at the School in 1985. As the School’s senior instructor, Jeff has led thousands of students through the lofting and building of more than seventy-five vessels ranging in size from eight to fifty feet. An excellent instructor both in the classroom and on the boatbuilding floor, Jeff has continually adapted and improved his building techniques and his teaching methodology. As a result, Jeff is instrumental not only in the direct instruction of our students, but also mentorship of the next generation of boat building instructors at the Boat School. Most recently, Jeff led his Traditional Small Craft students in building one of the three boats used by the British Broadcasting Corporation to recreate John Wesley Powell’s iconic 1869 trip through the Grand Canyon on the Colorado River while completing four other traditionally-built boats. Jeff enjoys mountain biking when not in the boat shop with his students.



Peter Bailey, Instructor
After 4 years in USCG search and rescue, learning the many ways boating can go wrong, Peter apprenticed as a boat builder to Donlon J. Arques of Sausalito CA. This old school builder of tugs and barges gave him a unique education in traditional construction techniques as practiced in the San Francisco area before World War Two. Peter then went on to another apprenticeship as Historic Rigger at Mystic Seaport, then worked in various small yards in the San Francisco Bay area. He repaired and rebuilt fishing vessels and yachts. He also crewed on various large schooners and square-riggers in every job from Seaman to Captain (of the Columbus replica “Nina”), several of them being instructional vessels where he taught seamanship to youth. He designed and built a modified Slocum “Spray”, launched in 1984 and has sailed it extensively on the West coast from Mexico to northern British Columbia, refining practical skills and researching small sailing ship operation. At San Francisco Boat Works, Peter ran the wood shop and was responsible for all wooden vessel repairs, including many classic, cold molded and strip planked boats. After ten years in the film business including 3 “Pirates of the Caribbean” movies he returned to the marine trades after moving to Port Townsend in 2008. He brings over 50 years of practical experience in boat building, repair, maintenance and operation and is a unique asset to our School.



Leigh O'Connor, Instructor
Leigh grew up on the coastal town of Swampscott MA. He formed a love for the ocean at a young age and spent summers working on Lobster boats out of Beverly and Nahant. He attended the Art Institute of Boston where he studied as an apprentice in sculpture and bronze casting. He worked as a welder and metal fabricator to help pay for his education. After graduating he moved into the field of woodworking, cabinetmaking, construction, and Historical Restoration. In 2008 he received an Associate’s Degree from the Northwest School of Wooden Boatbuilding and immediately began working as a shipwright. He has worked for himself and also with two of the top wooden boat companies in the Port of Port Townsend. Leigh has a long history of working in the trades, but has also been honing his skills as a teacher over the years. He has taught college classes, children’s classes, and has been a guest instructor at the NWSWB. Leigh believes that nothing is impossible. With the proper tools and information a person can accomplish anything. It is his dream to pass on true skills to students who want to excel as craftsmen.


Defending yacht design from the influence of...boaters?

This is something we have discussed in the Design Workshop and was also mentioned in the ABYC class I attended. 

In Defense of Good Yacht Design

Sightlines - February 2015

Crimes Against Nature


Defending yacht design from the influence of … boaters?

Yacht hull stability
While naval architects prefer designing the entire boat, we also regularly work with production builders providing hull-design and other services. On these occasions we work with in-house designers who specialize in exterior styling and layouts unique to their brands. This arrangement is often rewarding and works seamlessly with builders such as Hinckley, who hand us beautiful, nicely proportioned designs to work with. Other times we are required to work with very challenging designs that can only be described as dogs. Not just dogs, but butt-ugly junkyard dogs; the kind you would never want around your family.
The damnedest thing is, they blame you. They blame you for demanding these awful creations. If that is true, then you must want 5 pounds of shit in a 1-pound bag and not give a damn if it’s safe or what it looks like. The builders of these unfortunate things say they are only trying to respond to what you ask for. If you want space and you want headroom, they are willing to give it to you in spades, even as it sacrifices the boat beneath your feet. Just one look at these ugly things and you know something is wrong. Mother nature knows it too and it wants nothing to do with these boats. I am talking denial-of-physics ugly, real crimes against nature: Top-heavy, fat, bloated boats that don’t pass any stability calculations. Boats that accommodate huge interiors, but not head seas. Boats that really shouldn’t leave the dock.
It’s hard to believe it, but in the U.S. there are no stability requirements for pleasure boats above 20 feet. ABYC and the U.S. Coast Guard are silent on this issue. This is not true in Europe, where a boat must pass stability requirements in order to be sold. But in America boatbuilders are free to sell you any boat you care to buy. There are no standards in place to protect the unwitting buyer. In the absence of U.S. guidelines, my office designs to ISO 12217-1:2013 requirements for boats up to 24 meters. ISO stands for International Standards Organization. American-built boats, sold to Americans, don’t have to pass these international standards. I currently have a couple of projects on my desk that don’t even pass category D. That means these boats are considered unsafe in waves above just 20 inches. The builder still plans to go ahead with production, justifying themselves by pointing to their likewise guilty competition. Perhaps they should tie all their boats together side by side so they won’t tip over.
Europeans may get a pass on stability, but they are just as bad as Americans with regard to hull shape. They gladly sacrifice efficiency, ride, and seakeeping in favor of a fat hull for larger accommodations. The head designer for a large European manufacturer became quite pissed off when I suggested he was turning their boats into barges in an effort to fit his creative designs. Amazingly, creativity knows no bounds when it’s allowed to stick outside the hull. Interiors sell boats so why not sacrifice the hull? Is good seakeeping passé and has the very boat become obsolete in boating?  
Certainly the concept that the boat comes first does not do well against current market mandates. So you have to ask if boats are simply becoming real estate on the water? If this is the case I can’t help but think we are going about designing them completely the wrong way. Instead we should be developing boats like the Arcadia that look like a house stuck on a hull, with minimal power. Initially I hated it, but now I am growing to admire the honesty of its concept. It reflects how we use boats today and is the natural conclusion to market demands. Just putter out to your favorite anchorage in your house and enjoy a beautiful weekend on the water. The boat becomes the smallest factor in the equation.
Maybe we should just admit that the traditional concept of boating is outdated. Instead of designing boats with lots of power and styling them like giant cars, we should abandon all that and go the way of Arcadia. Maybe it should just be architecture on barge-like hulls that don’t attempt to go very far. You wouldn’t have to worry about the principles of naval architecture, because the problems would largely go away. It would be honest. Is this what you want in your future?

The Puget Sound: Native Americans and Fishing

Bob Miller, the instructor for the American Maritime Heritage workshop, stopped by to give a preview of the course and some of the topics covered. The presentation was titled. "The Puget Sound: A Select History". Not being from this region it was extremely informative and I learned many things that I had no clue about.

I'm sure it's no surprise the importance of the bounty of fish and shellfish from the Salish Sea to the Native Americans that were here long before the white man came. The first video is about the Pacific Northwest Canoe Legacy Project and the importance of honoring the past.


Duane Pasco, well-known Northwest Coast Artist, explains how the canoe was an integral part of the culture in the coastal waterways. It was not only a means of transportation but an art form in itself

The next two videos illustrate a darker side to the Pacific Northwest's history. "The Days of Salmon Traps and Fish Pirates" shows that there is such a thing as being too efficient. The film "As Long as the River Runs" is about the Fish Wars of the late 1960's and early 1970's.
The Days of Salmon Traps and Fish Pirates


As Long as the River Runs


The Fish Wars were a series of civil disobedience protests in the 1960s and ‘70s in which Native American tribes around the Puget Sound pressured the U.S. government to recognize fishing rights granted by the Point No Point Treaty. Under the Point No Point Treaty, tribes on the Kitsap and Olympic Peninsulas gave up most of their land, but retained rights to their traditional fishing areas.

In 1974’s United States v. Washington, U.S. District Court Judge George Hugo Boldt stated that treaty right fishermen must be allowed to take up to 50% of all potential fishing harvests, and required that they have an equal voice in the management of the fishery.

The so-called Boldt Decision was reaffirmed by the Supreme Court in 1979 and has been used as a precedent for handling other similar treaties.